An algorithm is simply a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer. Essentially, an algorithm is just a computer program.
However, when we talk about algorithms, we are usually referring to what they are doing. In the US, algorithms are used by social media and internet companies to figure out what you are interested in. The goal is to keep you online, scrolling, buying, voting, clicking, sharing, and liking. You are the product. If you pause for a moment to look at a picture or add or to read a post, the algorithm makes note of that. It will then send you similar content.
For example, let’s say you are interested in buying some new pants. You see an ad on Instagram, or search Google, or comment on a social media influencer’s post about their new pants. The algorithm just became aware of your new pants interest. Ads start appearing for pants that were never there before. You see more posts than ever about pants. This can be very helpful when shopping for pants.
Or maybe the algorithm learns that you enjoy landscape photography or Minecraft. It will show you more of that kind of content. Seeing more of that content will probably be convenient for you, and you could find a whole online community, learn more about your favorite hobby, and be happy about it all.
Then what is the problem? Well, aside from obvious privacy issues, you can get drawn into what is known as an Echo Chamber. An Echo Chamber refers to an environment in which a person encounters only beliefs or opinions that coincide with their own, so that their existing views are reinforced and alternative ideas are not considered. (Dictionary.com)
If the algorithm learns that you like or dislike a certain politician, or a political talking point, you will then be drawn into an algorithm that feeds you more and more of that content. Soon you are in an Echo Chamber where everyone is saying/thinking/doing similar things.
Some of the defendants that were arrested for their role in the January 6th attack on the US Capitol blamed the algorithm for their politicization. Algorithms can normalize violence, racism, sexism, and other types of behavior. They make someone believe that everyone thinks this, acts this way, or believes the same things.
The best way to deal with algorithms is to keep them guessing. Don’t let yourself be fooled into thinking everyone is the same as you, or that the “other side” is evil. Instead, look for information outside of your comfort zone. If you align strongly with one particular party, search for information or social media content that might contradict your beliefs. Try to learn what others are thinking.
In a related sense, if you only listen to one type of music, ask Spotify or Apple Music to play something from a different genre. Search for authors or movies that are different from what you usually enjoy. In this way you can discover new genres, musicians, creators, and thinkers that are different, new, and can enrich your world. It could also fool those algorithms and help keep yourself out of damaging echo chambers.