APA style is used by psychology, education and the social sciences. The list of sources at the end of a paper in APA style is referred to as References. This is a list of the sources cited in the text of a research paper. The Reference list appears at the end of the paper, is double-spaced within and between sources, and is arranged alphabetically by the author’s last name. Sources without authors are arranged alphabetically by title (omitting any A, An, The) within the same list. The first line of each source is flush with the left margin; second and succeeding lines are indented ½ inch (or five typewriter spaces) from the left margin.
The following examples follow the previous guide to APA style, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 6th Edition. (SUU call number: BF76.7 .P83 2010), and the APA Style Guide to Electronic References. (SUU call number: PN171.A63 2007). To view examples from the most recent 7th edition, please view the APA Style Guide.
Book: one author
Barnes, F.R. (1998). The hand: How its use shapes the brain, language, and human culture. New York: Pantheon Press.
Book: multiple authors
Ford, D.Y., & Harris, J. (2003). Multicultural gifted education. New York: Teachers College.
Sloan, F. A., Stout, E. M., & Liang, L. (1993). Hysteria beyond Freud. Berkeley: U of California Press.
Government author
U.S. Census Bureau. (2008). Statistical abstract of the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Encyclopedia article
Mandarin. (2000). In The Encyclopedia Americana. (Vol. 18, pp. 224-225). Danbury: Grolier.
Encyclopedia article with author
Mohanty, J.M. (2003). Indian philosophy. In The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Macropaedia. 15th ed. (Vol. 21, pp. 191-212). Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britanica.
Newspaper article
Abbott, S., & Simpson, J. (2002, April 3). Now playing: babes in cyberspace. Christian Science Monitor, Extra ed., p. C1.
Marines charged in assault case. (2003, February 14). Houston Chronicle, p. 6A.
Magazine article
Armstrong, L., Yang, D.J., & Cuneo, A. (2008, February 28). The learning revolution. Business Week, pp. 80-88.
Franklin, C. (2008, July-August). The creative personality. Psychology Today, pp. 36-40.
Journal article
Hallin, D.C. (2003). Sound bite news: Television coverage of elections. Journal of Communication, 42(2), 5-24.
Lindahl, K.M., et. al. Observations of marital conflict and power: Relations with parenting in the triad. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 320-330.
- Online articles and books sometimes include a DOI (digital object identifier). APA uses the DOI, when available, in place of a URL in reference list entries.
- If there is no DOI, include the URL for the home page of the book or journal.
Online book
McDaniel, Aaron. (2012). The young professional's guide to the Working World. Retrieved from http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/book/-/9781601632425
MacGilchrist, B., Myers, K., & Reed, J. (2004). The intelligent school. (2nd ed.). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. doi: 10.4135/9781446216484
OR, if doi is not available:
MacGilchrist, B., Myers, K., & Reed, J. (2004). The intelligent school. (2nd ed.). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Retrieved from http://knowledge.sagepub.com/view/the-intelligent-school-2e/SAGE.xml
Encyclopedia article from a subscription service
Austen, Jane. In Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://www.xreferplus.com/entry/ebconcise/austen_jane
Feminism. (n.d.). In Encyclopædia Britannica online. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/724633/feminism
Newspaper article from a subscription service
Seib, G. F. (2001, Apr 11). On green affairs, politics aren't all black and white. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/398774926/139D9F1752355B820DB/1?accountid=28757
Magazine article from a subscription service
Jost, K. (2009, June 5). Student rights. CQ Researcher, 19, 501-524. Retrieved from http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/
Kluger, J. (1996, February). Dr. Sigmund Doolittle. Discover, 17(2), 84. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com
Journal article from a subscription service
Davis, F. L., Wurth, A. H., & Jr. (2003). Voting Preferences and the Environment in the American Electorate:The Discussion Extended. Society & Natural Resources, 16(8), 729. doi:10.1080/0894 19203902 17636
Bæck, U. (2010). Parental involvement practices in formalized home–school cooperation. Scandinavian Journal Of Educational Research, 54(6), 549-563. doi:10.1080/00313831.2010.522845
Website
The Daily Utah Chronicle. (2006). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://www.dailyutahchronicle.com
Article on Website
Davidson, L. (2009, June 17). Bishop saves F-22 by one vote. Deseret News. Retrieved from http://www.deseretnews.com
Lubell, S. (2008, November 26). Of the sea and air and sky. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
Blog post
Lastname, Firstinitial. (Year, Month Date). Title of the Blog Post Entry. [Web Log Post]. Retrieved from http://thewebsite.com
In text citation only
Facebook post
Username. (Year, Month Day). Enter Facebook post here. [Facebook update]. Retrieved from http://facebook.com
Tweet
Twitter handle. (Year, Month Day). Enter the tweet message here. [Twitter post]. Retrieved from http://twitter.com
YouTube Video
Lastname, Firstinitial. (Year, Month Date). Title of the Blog Post Entry. [Web Log Post]. Retrieved from http://thewebsite.com
APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14). For sources such as websites and e-books that have no page numbers, use a paragraph number.
Within the text of your paper, include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source. For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your Reference list.
For more detailed examples of in-text citation see the Research and Documentation Online guide or the Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL).
References: